Osteopathy free essay sample

More than forty-five percent of all osteopathic physicians are general practitioners or family doctors. As with medical doctors, osteopaths have office practices and work in hospitals. About fifteen percent of all osteopathic physicians are specialists in such fields as surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology, and internal medicine. A small number of osteopathic physicians have salaried positions in osteopathic hospitals and colleges, private industry, and government agencies. In order to be an osteopath you are required to go through extensive training. Osteopathic medical education requires 4 years of fulltime, comprehensive, and complete medical education. Once graduated and having attained the D. O. degree (Doctor of Osteopathy) prior to being eligible to practice, the osteopathic physician must complete a further 2 to 5 years of fulltime residency training in the specialty of their choosing such as internal medicine and subspecialties, surgery and subspecialties, orthopedics, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, psychiatry, dermatology, pathology, family medicine, or musculoskeletal medicine (manual therapy osteopathy). We will write a custom essay sample on Osteopathy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are 18 certifying boards with 85 specialties and subspecialties. Upon completion of residency training, specialty certification examinations are required. Even after the required education and training osteopaths still attend education courses so that they can be updated on all of the current techniques that could be used for different situations. Osteopaths are required certain skills that will enable them to do their job efficiently and excellently. Osteopaths firstly need to have a great nowledge of the human anatomy, so that they know where everything should be and how one ailment could also be affecting another part of the body. Listening skills are very important when pursuing a career as osteopaths. This will be used to determine or diagnose what is causing the illness or disease and would also guide them in using the proper treatment. Effective communication skills are essential to interact properly with patients. Osteopaths need to explain things clearly to patients mo re especially the  treatment procedures that will be used. They should know how to make the patient comfortable since they would be using sense of touch to diagnose and treat health problems. This is the reason they need to also have excellent eye-hand coordination. They need to be sensitive and patient. It will be helpful if they enjoy caring for other people. They need to be keen to details especially when reviewing the patient’s medical history. An osteopath will typically practice their skills in a clinic in the beginning of their career in order hone their skills while being supervised by an experienced osteopath. This is only optional, but it is very helpful for their career. An osteopath has many duties and responsibilities that they have to do during their day. Their duties include having to organize and keep their clients personal information. You will have to be able to diagnose and treat the ailment or disease that is affecting their client by relying on medical as well as surgical modalities. Osteopaths will correct disorders and afflictions of bones, muscles, nerves, and other body systems by medicinal and surgical procedures and, when deemed beneficial, manipulative therapy. Osteopaths will employ diagnostic images, drugs, and other aids to diagnose and treat bodily impairments. Some osteopaths will practice medical or surgical specialty. Since most osteopaths work privately their weekly hours will differ from others, but typically they work 40 to 50 hours a week. An osteopath does not have a lot of stress in their work environment. This is because they are mostly their own bosses as well as in control of their work hours and do not have any deadlines. An osteopath’s salary and wages depend on their experience, skill, as well s the amount of hours they work a week. The typical osteopath makes 90-140 dollars an hour. Since osteopaths can work in different environments such as government agencies, private practices and even from home; their hours will vary differently. On average an osteopath will make $160,000 annually. Although this can range from 90-170,000 dollars. After being an osteopath for a certain amount of years you could become an osteop ath university teacher. I picked osteopathy as my profession because it is the career that my mom has chosen. I wanted to do this because I never really understood how osteopathy worked or all of the stuff that she does. After researching this profession I am very interested in it because of the flexible schedule and the good pay. I think that the type of person that would be interested in this job would be a nice person that enjoys helping people as well as to be patient in order to put up with patients that are difficult to deal with. This person would have to be body smart as well as people smart. Thanks to career studies I have learned that this kind of job is probably not the best for me. I do not have the patience to deal with this job, as I am a doer according to career studies. In my types of intelligence sheet it says that I am not body smart and knowing the body is the most important aspect of being an osteopath. Also, for my career suggestion sheet it suggests that I do jobs that are outdoors and not jobs that have me inside for the entire day. After taking career studies I have found that the jobs that were suggested for me to take were jobs that I had already that of doing, such as fire fighter, police officer and zookeeper.

Political Theater essays

Political Theater essays How does one define political theater' Those who favor conservative or rightwing views, first think of it as leftist propaganda. Individuals who enjoy mainstream plays and straightforward plots, see it as one-sided and pedantic. It is true that inferior productions of these performances can be dogmatic and strident, but every art form has its detractors. However, political theater at its best emphasizes an important societal issue of the day and delivers a message to viewers of all backgrounds and interests. It wishes to be anything but a political party line or single-dimensional in nature. Audiences with a wider view consider political theatre ranging far outside mere polemics. As playwright and journalist Ben Winters states, "political theatre can also be defined as exploring themes more universal and central to society itself, especially when that society defines itself as politically conscious." Adds playwright Jessica Blank, "First and foremost, what we wanted to do was make a good piece of theatre, political or not. If the piece also has a purpose, it can serve that purpose better the better a work of art it is." Surely, El Teatro Campesino Theatre and Bread and Puppet Theatre exemplify this higher level of political Peter Schumann formed The Bread City's Lower East Side. It was named for the coarse, flavorful sourdough bread that was given out at its performances, and for the grave, evocative puppet figures that were the theatre's main performers. During the 60s decade, Bread and Puppet took to the streets, creating outdoor shows, giving expression to neighborhood issues and taking part in peace parades. Since then, it has included work in many different styles, from simple ten-minute performances that can be put on by two people in the street to that require casts of twenty or more. Pupp ...

Someone i admire Essay Example

Someone i admire Essay Example Someone i admire Essay Someone i admire Essay The question should teenagers be allowed a television in their bedroom has been debated for many years now. With the forever updating technology such as; mobile phones, pods, computers and laptops television should really be the least of our parents worries. In my opinion teenagers should be allowed a television in their bedroom as long as they agree to use it in moderation and of course, fulfill that agreement. Some of the reasons a teenager should be allowed a television in their editor are; it shows them that you as parents, trust your teenage daughter or son. Being a teenager myself I know that it feels brilliant to be trusted and granted freedom. Another reason I feel teenagers should be allowed a television in their bedroom is that it would help to avoid a lot of arguments between siblings or parents on what to watch. Additionally, as parents would you rather that your teenage son or daughter was watching television in their bedroom at night or out in the streets with friends you disprove of? Personally if it were me I would prefer them watching television. Another example could be; as a parent would you rather you teenager was watching a television programmer about illegal drugs or using illegal drugs? Again if it were me I would rather they were watching television. Television can also help discourage the use of things such as; drugs, cigarettes or alcohol as sometimes it shows the effects or consequences on people. Even though there are scenes of violence, sex, drug abuse and such, scenes of this nature can also be viewed on other electronic gadgets such as; mobile phones or computers. There are also a lot of violent and inappropriate video games these days which can be in the bedroom, therefore surely if televisions are not allowed in the bedroom no electronic devices should be. By not allowing teenagers to have any electronic equipment in their bedroom they may feel you are taking away their freedom and making their privacy a minority. I feel that television is probably one of the easiest electronic devices to monitor, this is because parents can find out what exactly is on each channel. Ultimately it is gadgets like mobile phones, tablet computers and laptops we should be worried about. Firstly they are much harder to monitor and secondly, a teenager is much more likely to stay up social networking or testing that watching television. Overall I think parents should allow teenagers to have a television in their bedrooms provided that they get enough sleep, get all their school work done and listen to their parents.

Christopher Columbus Fourth and Last New World Voyage

Christopher Columbus' Fourth and Last New World Voyage On May 11, 1502, Christopher Columbus set out on his fourth and final voyage to the New World. He had four ships, and his mission was to explore uncharted areas to the west of the Caribbean, hopefully finding a passage west to the Orient. Columbus did explore parts of southern Central America, but his ships, damaged by a hurricane and termites, fell apart while he was exploring. Columbus and his men were stranded on Jamaica for about a year before being rescued. They returned to Spain in late 1504. Before the Journey Much had happened since Columbus’  daring 1492 voyage of discovery. After that historic trip, Columbus was sent back to the New World to establish a colony. Although Columbus was a gifted sailor, he was a terrible administrator, and the colony he founded on Hispaniola turned against him. After his third trip, ​he was arrested and sent back to Spain in chains. Although he was quickly freed by the king and queen, his reputation was shot. Still, the crown agreed to finance one last voyage of discovery. Preparations With royal backing, Columbus soon found four seaworthy vessels: Capitana, Gallega, Vizcaà ­na, and Santiago de Palos. His brothers Diego and Bartholomew and his son Fernando signed on, as did some veterans of his earlier trips. Columbus himself was 51 and was beginning to become known around court for being eccentric. He believed that when the Spanish united the world under Christianity (which they would do quickly with gold and wealth from the New World) that the world would end. He also tended to dress like a simple barefoot friar, not like the wealthy man he had become. Hispaniola Columbus was not welcome on the island of Hispaniola, where too many of the settlers remembered his cruel and ineffective administration. Nevertheless, he went there after first visiting Martinique and Puerto Rico. He was hoping to exchange one of his ships (the Santiago de Palos) for a quicker one. While awaiting an answer, he sent word that a storm was approaching and that the new governor (Nicols de Ovando) should delay the fleet heading for Spain. The Hurricane Ovando forced Columbus to anchor his ships in a nearby estuary and ignored his advice, sending the fleet of 28 ships on to Spain. A tremendous hurricane sank 24 of them: three returned and only one- ironically, the one containing Columbus’  personal effects that he wished to send to Spain- arrived safely. A few miles away, Columbus’  ships were badly battered, but all of them remained afloat. Across the Caribbean Once the hurricane had passed, Columbus’ small fleet set out to look for a passage west. The storms continued, and the journey was a living hell. The ships, already damaged from the hurricane, took more abuse. Eventually, they reached Central America, anchoring off the coast of Honduras on an island that many believe to be Guanaja. There they repaired the ships and took on supplies. Native Encounters While exploring Central America, Columbus had an encounter many believe to be the first with one of the major inland civilizations. Columbus’ fleet found a trading vessel, a very long, wide canoe full of goods and traders believed to be Mayan from the Yucatan. The traders carried copper tools and weapons, swords made of wood and flint, textiles, and a certain beerlike beverage made from fermented corn. Columbus, oddly enough, decided not to investigate this interesting trading civilization: instead of turning north when he hit Central America, he headed south. Central America to Jamaica Columbus continued exploring to the south  along the coasts of present-day Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. He met several native cultures, observing maize being cultivated on terraces. They also saw stone structures. They traded for food and gold whenever possible. In early 1503, the ships began to fail. In addition to the battering they had taken from one hurricane and several major storms, it was discovered that they were infested with termites. Columbus reluctantly set sail for Santo Domingo and aid, but his ships only made it as far as Santa Gloria (St. Ann’s Bay), Jamaica. A Year on Jamaica The ships could go no further. Columbus and his men did what they could, breaking the ships apart to make shelters and fortifications. They made a peace with the local natives, who brought them food. Columbus was able to get word to Ovando of his predicament, but Ovando had neither the resources nor the inclination to help him. Columbus and his men languished on Jamaica for a year, surviving storms, mutinies, and an uneasy peace with the natives. Columbus, with the help of one of his books, impressed the natives by correctly predicting an eclipse. Finally, in June 1504, two ships finally arrived to pick them up. Importance of the Fourth Voyage Columbus returned to Spain to learn that his beloved Queen Isabel was dying. Without her support, Columbus would never return to the New World. He was getting on in years at any rate, and it is a wonder that he survived the disastrous fourth voyage. He died in 1506. Columbus’ Fourth Voyage is remarkable primarily for some new exploration, mostly along the coast of Central America. It is also of interest to historians, who value the descriptions of the native cultures encountered by Columbus’ small fleet, particularly those sections concerning the Mayan traders. Some of those who were along on the fourth voyage would later go on to greater things, such as Antonio de Alaminos, a cabin boy who would later rise to pilot and explore much of the western Caribbean. Columbus’ son Fernando would later write a biography of his famous father. The Fourth Voyage was a failure by almost any standard. Many of Columbus’ men died, the ships were lost, and no passage to the west was ever found. Columbus himself would never sail again. He died convinced that he had found Asia, even if most of Europe already accepted the fact that the Americas were an unknown â€Å"New World.† Still, the fourth voyage showed better than any other Columbus’ sailing skills, fortitude, and resilience attributes that allowed him to discover the Americas in the first place. Source: Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2005.

Hacking the Accounting Information System Research Paper

Hacking the Accounting Information System - Research Paper Example One of the companies which got hacked in recent times is Microsoft .inc. According to ( Smith,2012)â€Å"In simple terms computer hacking and cracking reflects, the intentional, unauthorized access to an organization’s computer system†. So the companies need to be alert and take considerable responsibility to secure its Accounting Information System (Thesis).Accounting Information System is a process which needs high security as many crucial and essential data are handled in it. Any business concern needs to take the responsibility to secure the confidential data so as to protect the company from hackers and unidentified encroachment. The business organisations have the responsibility to invent and install upgraded security system to ensure confidentiality and risk free environment for the company and its customers. Microsoft being the most prominent company in the world had been hacked few times .Thus the accounting information system along with the management has undergone many challenges and losses. The company was hacked in 2012 by a group of Chinese hackers and in 2013 a java script was injected in the business system of the company. The Microsoft security response centre states the Microsoft Active Protection was a program that provide security for program that gives anti –hacking tool facility. However, the Microsoft did deny that hacking was not done by Chinese group but it was a â€Å"rookie mistake†. They said it was due to dodgy email attachment. So here we can see that hacking can be done even if the e- mails which are socially engineered to disrupt the business system. As per (Peter,2013 ) â€Å"As reported by Face book and Apple, Microsoft can confirm that we also recently experienced a similar security intrusion," wrote Matt Thomlinson, General Manager of Microsofts Trustworthy Computing Security. Unlike the New York Times and the Wall

Changing employees attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing employees attitudes - Essay Example Why do managers want to change their employees’ attitudes? The answer is simple. Managers want to change their employees’ attitudes because it affects their productivity. Employees are increasingly important for organizational success and competitiveness Wallace (2006, pp.1-3) states that employees must not only be trained, they should be developed for results. Wallace quotes Linda L. Martin and Dr. David G. Mutchler in their book, â€Å"Fail-Safe Leadership† when they stated â€Å"in business, and in life, attitudes directly determine whether an individual turns a problem into an opportunity – or a crisis† (2006, pp.1-3). Organizations hire employees because of their skills and qualifications. They also design training programs to further improve the quality of work of the individuals and eventually improve their productivity. Wallace (2006, pp.1-3) points out however, that organizations put too much emphasis on improving the skills of the employee while majority of termination in companies are due to attitude problems of the employees. This just shows how important it is for a manager to be able to change the behavior of its employees. Before changing an employee’s attitudes, we must first understand that attitude has three components namely, the cognitive, affective and behavioral (Macalinao, 2009). Cognitive is the opinion or belief segment of an attitude. The affective component is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude while behavioral is the intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Assignment 4 - Essay Example The alternative remedies or solutions must be solicited from the present employees of the company; and each suggestion/opinion must be fully considered in terms of its advantages and disadvantages for the financial upkeep of Sunbelt Video. If an alternate plan, aside from cutting hours and laying-off has been considered – then a significant period of time must be given to make the aforementioned alternate plan work. It is vital in any company operation for employees to actively partake in decision-makings with regards to the longevity of the company. After all, it is their bread and butter on the line. Relatively speaking, persons in authority must discern that leadership is mainly creating a goal and paving the way for others to follow. However, this means that those following the pre-set objective do not have any idea on how to accomplish the goal. Thus, it would be quite difficult for others to carry on where somebody has left off should any difficulties arise during the course of achieving the objective (Team Technology, n.d.). On the other hand, management that lacks leadership usually just handle things according to set principles and traditions, making sure that everything should conform within a pre-set guideline (Team Technology, n.d.) hence innovations are often dismissed and are rarely considered. professional manner where she must have a one-on-one conversation with him. During the course of the exchange, Bob must be made to understand the financial plight of the company and must be told that if he has any kind of grievances to air regarding management’s decision or otherwise, then he must approach the proper authority and discuss them accordingly. In true to life situations or circumstances, it is essential to consider all the factors so that the risk which will be undertaken or any unforeseeable risk as a result or consequence of a decision or action is minimized. In addition, real situations must be analyzed

Plaza Home Health Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plaza Home Health Services - Assignment Example The strength of Plaza Home Health Services is that it caters to elderly people. There are very few hospitals that cater to such range of people. Such individuals hence have an excellent opportunity to live a peaceful life. They have designed state of art University Plaza Rehabilitation & Nursing Centre. There they have all the amenities which senior citizens need during a rehabilitation therapy. They have launched education program in order to help the families of the patient make intelligent decisions for their loved ones. There they bring experts from the healthcare services at discussing a range of topics like Stroke, Diabetes, Pain Management, Dental Healthcare, Medicare Fraud, Skin Care, Senior Safety and Identity Theft. They have attained breakthrough in rehab therapy through new Tibion Bionic Leg. This helps the patients walk again after being in Wheel Chair after a long period of time (Niles, 2011).The weakness of Plaza Health Services is that they can’t afford many pa tients all at once. They have not opened up many such medical services across the United States. They have limited presence. They have been serving only Villa Rica and their surrounding area for 27 years. Hence they need to expand their network across the United States. Plaza Home Care provides a full range of medical equipment to their patients. According to research, the senior citizen population in the US continues to increase as the boomers reach the age of 65. Miami-Dade has largest senior citizen populations in the country.

Copyright and Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Copyright and Plagiarism - Essay Example This happens when a person publish a material pretending to own the idea which truly belongs to another. To address this type of issue, a copyright law is passed to protect the published or unpublished works. Copyright is a legal term describing rights given to creators for their literary and artistic works (Byer, n.d., par.3). It is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States. As we grow older, technology grows faster. Internet technology is now very advanced and is being used by almost everyone in this world. From children to grandparents, everybody is hooked with what internet can offer. We read, paint, post, communicate and write in the internet. Thus, as Montecino (1999, p.1) quoted in his article the internet has been characterized as the largest threat to copyright since its inception. According to Ovittore (2005, par.1), we bloggers are responsible for what we write. We are not less than any news writer that we knew. Thus we must be responsible to avoid any form or act of libel or slander which is prohibited by laws. His article encourages bloggers like us to go through the same copy editing like publishers and be responsible to our actions. Monitoring copyright violation in the internet is impossible. Nobody can monitor every case thus copyright issues cannot be addressed (Marky, 2009, par.5).

A Book That Has Had an Impact on Me Essay Example for Free

A Book That Has Had an Impact on Me Essay During my fourth year of secondary school, I became acutely aware of the Women’s Rights Issue. I made an attempt to re-examine many of the cultural norms that I had previously accepted as just being the natural order of things. One of the paths I took to expand my awareness of the female psyche involved womens literature. That is why I spent one weekend of my life in bedcrying, laughing, feeling sometimes confused, and often, incredibly angry and distraught. On that rainy Humboldt Friday night I had decided to read The Womens Room. The author, Marilyn Fridey, describes the lives of several women from the 1950s to present. These women are nothing out of the ordinary. They either go to college and then get married, or they get married without bothering about the pretense of collegeafter all, they know that college is only a way to find more economically promising husbands. Myra, the main character whose life is traced throughout the book vaguely wonders why she is not content cooking pot roast, scraping shit from the babys diapers, and picking up her husbands dry cleaning. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay Her only solace is the neighborhood of women who share concerns over coffee in the afternoons. They wonder why Katherine, a Catholic woman who has 9 children and an alcoholic husband, committed suicide. She had a normal life, they thought, she just should have talked her husband into using birth control. As for the rest of the women, including Myra, their lives, fears, disappointments and yearnings, were much more subtle, yet equally suicidal in their quiet desperation. Many years down the road, Myras life finally changes. Her husband has made it, the kids have grown, and life is easy economically. Myra has a nervous breakdown. Once recovered, she divorces, and becomes a graduate student at Yale. Though painful and difficult, it is here that she comes to terms with herself, realizes her potential, and learns to live with herselfnot necessarily happilybut at least honestly. After I finished the story of Myras world that Sunday evening, I woke up in the middle of the night sobbing uncontrollably from a terrible nightmare. Though I couldnt remember the dream, I came to a profound realization. Myras life was my mothers. Most of my life I had revered, respected and admired my father for going to college, being intelligent and worldly, having power and control. In short for being a man. My mother always seemed too wishy-washy, easily trodden upon, overly dependent because she had chosen the role of housewife, mother. I rebelled against the tradition, and feared wearing those chains someday. Consequently, I strove to be like my father. Until this book, I never realized how much more courage it took for a person to live within a stifled role, and find contentment by living through other people. During that night of crying I understood my mother for the first timeI respected her inner strength, compassion, gentleness. Ever since then, my relationship with my mother has evolved, and we are very close. I will probably never adopt the role in life that she chose to take, but I now respect her for her life, and understand the reasons why she made those choices. Reading of Myras evolution as a female changed the way I feel towards myself, my feelings and compassion for my mother, and provided me with a much more sensitive view towards the lives of many women in our society today.

How Successful Is Rolex Marketing Essay

How Successful Is Rolex Marketing Essay Rolex is among the top ranked luxury brands in the wristwatch industry that has created its distinctive position in the market by targeting only affluent people. Rolex has been targeting niche market since its initial days; the main aim of the company is to provide quality seeking people with the best wristwatches that have been designed with superior quality raw materials and people who have expertise in this field. The watches are developed with highly experienced and well-trained people who have thorough knowledge and understanding about the wristwatch designing and manufacturing. In order to reach the right target market, Rolex has made a drastic changed in its marketing strategy by moving from traditional mediums such as Television Advertisements and advertisements in newspapers and magazines to celebrity endorsements such as Roger Federer and events sponsorships; both of these elements have created a new image in the market. As people are willing to invest in those brands that will enhance their relationship with their favorite personalities, Rolex has capitalized on this aspect. The primary research conducted among the college students revealed that they are willing to own Rolex brand as it helps them in developing an association with their favorite star. Hence, Rolex is doing aggressive marketing so that it can capture the attention of its target market, enhance its distinctive image worldwide and keep on making valuable contribution in the wristwatch industry. Introduction In luxury wristwatches industry, Rolex is the leading name and it has become a status symbol worldwide. Since Rolex has been meeting the demands of its customers for so many years and has become among the top hundred brands of the world, it is of great interest to know the secret of the success of Rolex. One of the important aspects of every brand is its marketing strategy because it gives it a sense of direction about the efforts that need to be done so that it can capture the attention of its target market and convey positive message to its customers (Key Note, 2011). Research Objectives and Questions The main research objectives of this study are: To gather information about top brands of wristwatch industry. To identify the marketing activities conducted by Rolex to attract the customers. To evaluate the image held by the customers about Rolex brand. In order to understand the current marketing strategy employed by Rolex, following research questions will be addressed to achieve the objectives of the study: Why is Rolex such a successful brand? What is the marketing strategy followed by Rolex to maintain its position in the market? Why are the customers of Rolex satisfied with its wristwatches? Importance of the Study The study will help in understanding the importance of marketing strategy in creating right positioning in the market. When the marketing strategies of top ranked brands are studied, an in-depth understanding about the relevant topic can be developed. Rolexs current marketing strategy will assist in analyzing the success of Rolex in such dynamic and competitive wristwatch industry. Limitations of the Study The scope of the research is limited as there are both time and resource constraints. The research is exploratory in nature and it is comprised of questionnaire-survey. The questionnaire has been designed in consensus with the previous work done by some authors as the questions are designed in accordance with the variables identified to be studied for the research purpose which is discussed in the Literature Review section. The availability of pure study of the subject was another constraint as the researcher is inexperienced and may lack certain skills which can affect the research paper. Literature Review Brief Introduction of Rolex Whenever a customer wears Rolex watch, it enhances the persons personality which makes a statement that the person has a great taste of style and fashion (Gautschi, 2005). Since Rolex watches are designed exclusively for upper class, only selected group of people can enjoy the prestige of owning the brand. Rolex has been in the market since 1995 and it is has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. It has employed more than four thousand watchmakers in about one hundred countries (Mulier, 2010). Rolex was the first brand to introduce waterproof watch in the year 1926. All of the watches are designed with fine quality materials and everything is done in detail so that there are no defects in the final products (Brandz, 2010). In order to build a successful brand in the market, it is important for the companies to focus on development of realistic and well-designed marketing strategy that will support them in achieving their desired objectives (Wansink, 2003). Likewise, brand equity, brand image and marketing strategy are the main areas of studying a brand as they help in determining the factors that influence the customers to make a purchasing decision (Saha, 2012). Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy is one of the key elements of every business plan because the mediums that can be used to reach the target market have to be selected carefully. It is important for an organization to design its marketing strategy on the basis of two most important factors i.e. who is being targeted (target market profile) and which mediums will be applicable for communicating right message about the brand (Keller, 2008). Like any business plan, marketing strategy has a set of objectives that a company wants to achieve for its survival in the market; the key to developing right position in the market is to develop a set of goals on the basis of critical factors which will also help a company to monitor the effectiveness of its marketing strategy (Rao, Agrawal Dahlhoff, 2004). A good marketing strategy is one that is developed with the consensus of the management team of a company and its employees so that there are fewer chances that any important point is overlooked (World Watch Report, 2012). In order to develop an effective marketing strategy, the foremost thing to consider is the target market as it will give an indication about the direction that the company should follow to achieve its goals. An ideal strategy is one that makes the best use of both traditional and online marketing mediums to create, maintain and strengthen its position in the market (Coupland, 2005). In order to attract the customers appropriately, the best way is to design a marketing strategy that has a perfect blend of Above-the-line (ATL) activities and Below-the-line (BTL) activities along with Public Relations and promotional activities (Key Note, 2011). ATL activities comprise of Advertisements on Television and Radio and in newspapers and magazine; all of these forms require heavy amount of investment. BTL activities include brochures, leaflets, billboards, flyers, buntings and etc.; the cost of these activities is comparatively less than that of ATL activities. The marketing activities of each company is determined that is compatible with the type of product or service offering, the target audience and marketing budget (Brandz, 2010). For instance, the marketing activities of Unilever comprise of advertisements, sponsorship of events, promotional offers, billboards and celebrity endorsements. Standard Chartered uses the ATL and BTL activities for consumer segment and one to one marketing for the business segment. Hence, every organization and brand has to ensure that it designs a marketing strategy after doing careful market analysis as it has to gather information about the activities that competitors are doing, the latest trend in the market, customers changing needs, changes in business environment and modification in trade policies worldwide (Gautschi, 2005). Marketing Strategy of Rolex The two main elements of Rolex strategy are tradition and conservatism which means that it has the same product and same communication strategy for decades. The communication strategy is unique that complements the differentiation constituent of its products that has enabled the company to maintain its competitive edge in the wristwatch industry. When the brand started growing in popularity, it kept nurturing itself and added celebrity endorsement so that the customers can develop an association with the brand (Saha, 2012). One interesting fact about Rolex strategy is that it has created a mystery element around its brand which has been an appealing feature for the customers (Brandz, 2010). It has been considered as a male watch for a long period and it has started to penetrate slowly into the female wristwatch market. The backward vertical integration is done by the company so that future supply can be secured and there is less competition within the industry. From the study of Rolex advertisements and marketing activities such as sponsorship of events, it is evident that its marketing strategy is truly a sponsorship and celebrity endorsement strategy. There are two distinctive categories of advertisement done by Rolex i.e. celebrity endorsements and pure product campaigns. The most commonly used medium of advertisements is publishing ads in newspapers and magazines, running Television Commercials and displaying billboards. However, celebrity endorsement is done at a wider level as it helps in developing a luxury brand image. In order to understand the effectiveness of Rolex marketing strategy, Brandz (2010) and Mullier (2010) conducted researches to evaluate the impact of celebrity endorsement on the customers; the survey was carried out and it was found that people buy Rolex because it allows the user to experience the sensation of being a celebrity and wearing the watch enhances the personality of the person as it makes a person stand out from the crowd. The endorsements by celebrity also helps in getting trust of the customers as they believe that any endorsement done by a well-known personality emphasizes that the product or service is genuine and it is worth giving so much money. Most people buy luxury goods so that they can have some similarity with their favorite personalities; hence, Rolex is using this strategy to capture its customers and has been successful in increasing its market share at a faster pace (World Watch Report). In this research, the key terminologies that are studied are brand association, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Brand association is the sense of belonging that the customer develops when using a particular brand, customer loyalty is the customers desire of purchasing the same brand on repeated basis and celebrity endorsement is using celebrities in the advertisement to promote a brand (Keller, 2008). Research Methodology The nature of the research is both qualitative and quantitative as the topic is vast and there are no concrete definitions available for the concepts that are being studied i.e. brand association, marketing strategy, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Since the human factors are being studied, it is important that after gathering sufficient theoretical knowledge, the data collected is analyzed properly. The data is collected by conducting both primary and secondary researches. The secondary sources of information are compiled mainly from the research journals and articles along with the books available on many online stores. The variables for the study are deduced after careful evaluation of all factors. The variables have been defined in detail so that an understanding about the purpose of research can be easily developed. The primary data is collected by conducting a small survey that comprise of fifty respondents. Online data collection method was used to reach the respondents as contacting them via email was the easiest method. The sampling method used was convenience sampling as all the respondents were college students and accessing data via online survey was the most feasible option. When the questionnaire was developed, a pilot test was done on ten respondents to determine the understanding capability of the respondents and to ensure that the respondents had no difficulty in the questionnaires. The questionnaire comprised on ten structured questions so that the respondents had to select the option that best met their opinion. The main aim of this survey was to identify the image of Rolex in young people and also to determine the meaning of brand association in this market. Although the brand is considered to be a luxury brand but it is vital to get the viewpoint of the customers to understand the factors that led to the development of such image. The questions revolved around the key concepts i.e. brand association, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Other factors that can impact the marketing strategy were studied to identify the extent to which they can have impact on the customers such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, ethical practices, environmental friendly policies and business operations, Public Relations and many more. Since the response rate is slow in online data collection method, the entire data was collected in ten days. When some of the respondents gave half-filled questionnaires, they were asked to fill them again and submit a completely filled questionnaire. Some interviews were also planned with Rolex marketing people but due to some important project, interview sessions were not conducted; otherwise, the information would have been more authentic and up-to-date. Once the data was collected, it was then entered in the excel sheet which was later used for in-depth analysis. When data analysis was done, undue care was given to the tools used for analysis. Since the main purpose was to understand Rolex association in customers minds, the analysis was kept simple as most of the data is presented in descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, means and etc. so that readers can easily understand the findings of the research. The main problems encountered during the research were slow response rate and cancellation of interviews with Rolexs marketing department people. Findings The data collected from primary and secondary researches showed that the luxury brands in the wristwatch industry are Rolex, Omega, Dior, Cartier, Tag Heuer and Swatch. Majority of the people ranked Rolex and Cartier as the best luxury brands that have high quality and give the users a sense of pride for owning the watch of leading brands. The key factor that influenced in creation of such perception was the celebrity endorsement. More than 80% of the respondents that they get attracted those advertisements that have their favorite personalities or celebrities as they know that the person will tell the truth about the brand. Almost 70% of the respondents agreed that they buy a brand because they want to develop an association with their favorite star and want to share something similar so that they can enjoy the feeling of belongingness with their aspiring personality. The respondents agreed that Rolex is a luxury brand and they can only recall those ads that had some celebrity in them as it is easier to recall a brand in this way. Only 60% of the respondents were aware of CSR activities and sponsored events organized by Rolex; it shows that the celebrity endorsement strategy works best for Rolex customers. From the primary research, it was found that only 10% had a Rolex watch which was given to them as a gift; remaining 90% agreed that the price of Rolex watches is high and only few people can afford to buy them. Even when such luxury brand watches are bought, they need to be handled with care because slight negligence can cause huge amount of repairing cost. The respondents believe that there should be a separate line of watches for those people who are looking for premium quality watches but at affordable rates. Conclusion Rolex is a luxury brand that can be bought by only selected group of people; the company has clarity about its target market and has designed its marketing strategy in accordance with the market requirements. The current marketing strategy used by Rolex comprises of celebrity endorsement and sponsoring of events. Majority of the advertisements are placed in magazines and newspapers of elite class so that they can be informed about the watches. When new watch is introduced by the company, advertisements are run on Television so that awareness about the product can be created. Rolex has created distinctive image in the market by portraying itself as the luxurious brand that is worn by celebrities. Everyone who wants to develop an association with any of the favorite personalities is buying and using Rolex watches. Hence, the marketing strategy used by Rolex has helped it in achieving its set goals of marketing strategy and it has positioned itself distinctively from its competitors.

Exploring the Debate Surrounding The Investment of Solar Energy Develop

As part of the Kyoto Protocol international efforts to combat climate change have seen signatory nations commit to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of mechanisms (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2008). The Australian government as part of its commitment to the Kyoto Protocol implemented the Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme that would see a minimum 20 per cent of Australia’s electricity supply being delivered through renewable sources by the year 2020 (Australian Government: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 2012). In developing a renewable energy strategy a range of issues arise concerning the feasibility, reliability and policy in implementing solar as a source of renewable energy. Instead of examining the technical specifications of current solar technology efficiency this essay aims instead to provide a general overview to the current levels of investment by government in the Australian solar industry and explore the debate involved with the implementation of solar power as part of Australia’s energy landscape. Due to the world’s abundant supply of solar energy there is an additional recognition by developed countries that solar has tremendous potential in resolving the global dilemma of increasing energy consumption and climate change. Solar energy has obvious advantages compared to other energies in part to it having minimal environmental and ecological hazards associated with its production (Solangi, Islam, Saidur, Rahim, et al. 2011). Solar energy technologies have shown the highest growth in clean energy finance and investment, increasing 44 per cent to $128 billion in 2011 (The Pew Charitable Trusts 2012, p. 3). Recent price drops in solar module pric... ...direct.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111000220 [Accessed May 19, 2012]. The Pew Charitable Trusts 2012. Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race? Report 2011 Edition. Available at: http://www.pewenvironment.org/uploadedFiles/PEG/Publications/Report/FINAL_forweb_WhoIsWinningTheCleanEnergyRace-REPORT-2012.pdf [Accessed May 19, 2012]. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2008. Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/items/1673.php [Accessed April 30, 2012]. Wright, J. 2009. The contribution of renewables in Australia’s future energy mix. Australian Academy of Science. Public Lecture Series: Australia’s Renewable Energy Future. Available at: http://science.org.au/events/publiclectures/re/wright.html [Accessed May 20, 2012].

origins of the american traditions :: essays research papers

The origins of the traditions held by the population of American started from the time that this land was first set foot on by the human species and was compounded throughout the rest of time. The immigrants, and slaves expanded up on the traditions of the original settlers. And along with those they brought their own religions and cultures that also added to the traditions of this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long before the Europeans ever set foot on to the fair soil, people from Asia came to the land that now makes up the Americans. They came by crossing the land and ice bridge once located across the Bering Strait between the Alaska and Russia. This location is now submerged by water. The exact date of the first human arrivals in America is unknown but estimated to be range from twenty thousand to fifty thousand years ago. The Asians that made the trip across the land bridge are the predecessors of the Native Americans that were located in the Americas as the Europeans began to arrive. If the features are compared between these two the similarities are striking and the facts behind this theory become ever more prevalent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Native Americans that were Descendants of the Asian populated North, Central, and South America creating a large variety of cultures. In the late fifteenth century, there were perhaps 240 distinct Native American cultures just in North America alone with a population estimated at between one to two million people. Although these two million people varied greatly in there social cultures, government, economic systems, and others aspects of their life, they shared between them a common respect for and connection with the natural world. Were as the Europeans encroaching upon their land tended only to look at the natural world as something to be subdues owned and used for personal gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Europeans to arrive in America are believed to be Norse sailors from Scandinavia. Leif Ericsson, son of Eric the red who settled Greenland, established a brief settlement in current day Canada around the year one thousand. After this brief settlement the Europeans did not return for nearly five hundred years on a misguided voyage not in tended for the Americas but for the Orient. This discovery was made by the Italian Explorer Christopher Columbus, who had the misconception that he had reached India when he had made land fall on the present-day island of th4e Bahamas, henceforth the natives whom he met being called â€Å"Indians†.

Chapter 10 Basic Organizational Design

Chapter 10 Basic Organizational Design Once managers are done planning, then what? This is when managers need to begin to â€Å"work the plan. † And the first step in doing that involves designing an appropriate organizational structure. This chapter covers the decisions involved with designing this structure. Focus on the following learning outcomes as you read and study this chapter. LEARNING OUTCOMES 10. 1 Describe six key elements in organizational design. 10. 2 Contrast mechanistic and organic structures. 10. 3 Discuss the contingency factors that favor either the mechanistic model or the organic model of organizational design. 0. 4 Describe traditional organizational designs. A MANAGER’S DILEMMA How can we design an organizational structure that will help us accomplish our company’s goals? Should our structure be tall or flat? Traditional or contemporary? Will our chosen design enhance our capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change in a dynamic globa l environment? As tomorrow’s managers, many of your students will soon face these questions. In Chapter 10, students learn about various elements of organizational structure, the contingency factors that influence organizational design, and traditional and contemporary design.In addition, they will study design challenges encountered by managers who work in a variety of organizational structures. â€Å"A Manager’s Dilemma† highlights some of the problems in store for Eli Lilly & Company, a major US pharmaceutical company. Eli Lilly & Co. stands to lose $10 billion in annual revenues between now and 2016 as three of its major drug patents expire. As CEO, John Lechleiter’s job is to find foster new drug development to replace the projected loss revenue. While other pharmaceutical companies are seeking a merger route to acquire new drugs, Eli Lilly One has decided to revamp the company’s operational tructure into five global business units and create an improved product research and development center. Students should address other organizational design elements Lechleiter might use to ensure that Lilly achieves its goal of speeding up its product development process? From the information presented here, it appears that Eli Lilly’s has adopted a product structure which offers the advantage of being more responsive to changes in the external environment. Eli Lilly may also want to create more teams in their structure as well as take advantage of technology with virtual teams.CHAPTER OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Designing organizational structure involves the process of organizing (the second management function) and plays an important role in the success of a company. 10. 1 DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Managers need to establish structural designs that will best support and allow employees to do their work effectively and efficiently. Several important terms must be defined in order to understand the elements of organizationa l structure and design: 1. Organizing is arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.This process has several purposes, as shown in Exhibit 10-1. 2. Organizational structure is the formal arrangement of jobs within an organization. 3. Organizational design is developing or changing an organization’s structure. This process involves decisions about six key elements: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization/ decentralization, and formalization. Chapter 10 examines each of these structural elements. A. Work Specialization. Work specialization is dividing work activities into separate job tasks.Most of today’s managers regard work specialization as an important organizing mechanism, but not as a source of ever-increasing productivity. Exhibit 10-2 illustrates the human diseconomies from division of labor—boredom, fatigue, stress, low productivity, poor quality, increased absenteeism, and high turnover— eventually exceed the economic advantages created by work specialization. B. Departmentalization. When work tasks have been defined, they must be arranged in order to accomplish organizational goals.This process, known as departmentalization, is the basis by which jobs are grouped. There are five major ways to departmentalize (see Exhibit 10-3): 1. Functional departmentalization groups jobs by functions performed. 2. Product departmentalization groups jobs by product line. 3. Geographical departmentalization groups jobs on the basis of geographical region. 4. Process departmentalization groups jobs on the basis of product or customer flow. 5. Customer departmentalization groups jobs on the basis of specific and unique customers who have common needs. 6.Popular trends in departmentalization include the following: a. Customer departmentalization continues to be a highly popular approach because it allows better monitoring of customers’ needs and respo nds to changes in the needs of customers. b. Cross-functional teams, which are work teams composed of individuals from various functional specialties, are being used along with traditional departmental arrangements. C. Chain of Command. The chain of command is the line of authority extending from upper organizational levels to the lowest levels, which clarifies who reports to whom.Three concepts related to chain of command are authority, responsibility, and unity of command. 1. Authority is the rights inherent in a managerial position to tell people what to do and to expect them to do it. a. The acceptance theory of authority proposed by Chester Barnard says that authority comes from the willingness of subordinates to accept it. Barnard contended that subordinates will accept orders only if the following conditions are satisfied: 1. They understand the order. 2.They feel the order is consistent with the organization’s purpose. 3. The order does not conflict with their persona l beliefs. 4. They are able to perform the task as directed. b. Line authority entitles a manager to direct the work of an employee. It is the employer–employee authority relationship that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon, according to the chain of command, as shown in Exhibit 10-4. c. Staff authority functions to support, assist, advise, and generally reduce some of their informational burdens.Exhibit 10-5 illustrates line and staff authority. 2. Responsibility is the obligation to perform any assigned duties. 3. Unity of command is the management principle that each person should report to only one manager. D. Span of Control. Span of control is the number of employees a manager can efficiently and effectively manage. 1. The span of control concept is important because it determines how many levels and managers an organization will have. (See Exhibit 10-6 for an example) 2. What determines the â€Å"ideal† span of control?Contingency fac tors such as the skills and abilities of the manager and the employees, the characteristics of the work being done, similarity and complexity of employee tasks, the physical proximity of subordinates, the degree to which standardized procedures are in place, the sophistication of the organization’s information system, the strength of the organization’s culture, and the preferred style of the manager influence the ideal number of subordinates. 3. The trend in recent years has been toward wider (larger) spans of control. E. Centralization and Decentralization.The concepts of centralization and decentralization address who, where, and how decisions are made in organizations. 1. Centralization is the degree to which decision making is concentrated at upper levels of the organization. 2. Decentralization is the degree to which lower-level employees provide input or actually make decisions. 3. The current trend is toward decentralizing decision making in order to make organi zations more flexible and responsive. 4. Employee empowerment is giving employees more authority (power) to make decisions. . A number of factors influence the degree of centralization or decentralization in an organization (see Exhibit 10-7). F. Formalization refers to the degree to which jobs within an organization are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. 1. In a highly formalized organization, employees have little discretion, and a high level of consistent and uniform output exists. Formalized organizations have explicit job descriptions, many organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures. 2.In a less-formalized organization, employees have much freedom and can exercise discretion in the way they do their work. 3. Formalization not only fosters relatively unstructured job behaviors, but also eliminates the need for employees to consider alternatives. 4. The degree of formalization can vary widely between organizations a nd even within organizations. 10. 2 MECHANISTIC AND ORGANIC STRUCTURES Organizations do not have identical structures. Even companies of comparable size do not necessarily have similar structures. A. Two Models of Organizational Design. See Exhibit 10-8) 1. A mechanistic organization is an organizational design that is rigid and tightly controlled. It is characterized by high specialization, rigid departmentalization, narrow spans of control, high formalization, a limited information network, and little participation in decision making by lower-level employees. 2. An organic organization is an organizational design that is highly adaptive and flexible. It is characterized by little work specialization, minimal formalization, and little direct supervision of employees. 3.Under what circumstances is each design favored? It â€Å"depends† on contingency variables. 10. 3 CONTINGENCY FACTORS Appropriate organizational structure depends upon four contingency variables: A. Strategy and structure. The organization’s strategy is one of the contingency variables that influences organizational design. 1. Alfred Chandler originated the strategy-structure relationship. His finding that structure follows strategy indicates that as organizations change their strategies, they must change their structure to support that strategy. . Most current strategy/structure frameworks focus on three strategy dimensions: a) Innovation needs the flexibility and free flow of information present in the organic organization. b) Cost minimization needs the efficiency, stability, and tight controls of the mechanistic organization. c) Imitation uses some of the characteristics of both mechanistic and organic organizations. B. Size and structure. Considerable historical evidence indicates that an organization’s size significantly affects its structure.Larger organizations tend to have more specialization, departmentalization, centralization, and formalization, although the si ze-structure relationship is not linear. C. Technology has been shown to affect an organization’s choice of structure. 1. Every organization uses some form of technology to transform inputs into outputs. 2. Joan Woodward’s study of structure and technology shows that organizations adapt to their technology. She found that three distinct technologies have increasing levels of complexity and sophistication. a) Unit production is the production of items in units or small batches. ) Mass production is the production of items in large batches. c) Process production is the production of items in continuous processes. 3. Woodward found in her study of these three groups that distinct relationships exist among these technologies, the subsequent structure of the organization, and the effectiveness of the organization. Exhibit 10-9 and provides a summary of these findings. LEADERS WHO MAKE A DIFFERENCE As the first female CEO of Avon, Andrea Jung has held that position for a dec ade—the most-tenured female CEO in the Fortune 500. Ms.Jung clearly understands the importance of organizational design in helping her global company prosper in good times and bad. This part of her job is especially challenging considering that 70 percent of Avon’s sales are in developing countries. Ms. Jung has made tough decisions to restructure, refocus, and redefine the company’s strategies and created an organizational design to help it continue its success as the leading women’s beauty products company. D. Environmental uncertainty and structure Environmental uncertainty is the final contingency factor that has been shown to affect organizational structure.Environmental uncertainty may be managed by making adjustments in the organization’s structure. The more uncertain the environment, the more flexible and responsive the organization needs to be. 10. 4 TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS A number of different organizational designs can be fou nd in today’s organizations. Exhibit 10-8 summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each of these designs. A. A simple structure is an organizational design with low departmentaliza-tion, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. . Strengths of the simple structure are its flexibility, speed, clear accountability and low maintenance costs. 2. The major limitation of a simple structure is that it is most effective when used in small organizations. B. As an organization grows, its structure tends to become more specialized and formalized. When contingency factors favor a bureaucratic or mechanistic design, one of the following two options is likely to be used: 1. A functional structure is an organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together. . A divisional structure is an organizational structure made up of separate, semiautonomous units or divisions. LET’S GET REAL: MY RESPONSE Cindy Brewer Customer Contact Channel Manager Sears Holdings Corporation Loves Park, IL Cindy offers several recommendations for Eli Lilly & Company. To better the structure of the organization, she recommends the use of more flexible structures, i. e. a divisional and organic structure, while at the same time including a mechanistic structure to help speed up certain aspects of the drug approval process.Her final recommendation, to ‘create cross-functional teams across the business units to share best practices and key learning to increase the product development process’ is an insightful one in that it leverages the power of teams to aid in the decision making process and at the same time create a learning/innovation based climate. Answers to Review and Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the traditional and contemporary views of each of the six key elements of organizational design. Traditionally, work specialization was viewed as a way to divide work activities into separate job tasks.Today’s view is that it is an important organizing mechanism but it can lead to problems. The chain of command and its companion concepts—authority, responsibility, and unity of command—were viewed as important ways of maintaining control in organizations. The contemporary view is that they are less relevant in today’s organizations. The traditional view of span of control was that managers should directly supervise no more than five to six individuals. The contemporary view is that the span of control depends on the skills and abilities of the manager and the employees and on the characteristics of the situation. . Can an organization’s structure be changed quickly? Why or why not? Should it be changed quickly? Explain. The speed with which structural changes can be implemented depends partly upon an organization’s size. A small organization is usually able to change its structure more rapidly than a larger one because a smaller c ompany has fewer employees who are involved in the restructuring process. However, a large organization can change its structure and often does in response to changing environmental conditions and changing strategies. 3. Contrast mechanistic and organic organizations.A mechanistic organization is a rigid and tightly controlled structure. An organic organization is highly adaptive and flexible. 4. Would you rather work in a mechanistic or an organic organization? Why? Students’ answers to this question will vary. Many students prefer the structure provided by a mechanistic organization, whereas others would be less productive in an organization with structural rigidity. Note that SAL #III. A. 1 â€Å"What Type of Organization Structure Do I Prefer? † addresses whether each of your students would like to work in a bureaucracy (a mechanistic organization).Students might want to revisit this assessment in answering this question. 5. Explain the contingency factors that aff ect organizational design. An organization’s structure should support the strategy. If the strategy changes, the structure also should change. An organization’s size can affect its structure up to a certain point. Once an organization reaches a certain size (usually around 2,000 employees), it’s fairly mechanistic. An organization’s technology can affect its structure. An organic structure is most effective with unit production and process production technology.A mechanistic structure is most effective with mass production technology. The more uncertain an organization’s environment, the more it needs the flexibility of an organic design. 6. Contrast the three traditional organizational designs. A simple structure is one with low departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. A functional structure groups similar or related occupational specialties together. A divisional structure is made up of separate business units or divisions. 7.With the availability of advanced information technology that allows an organization’s work to be done anywhere at any time, is organizing still an important managerial function? Why or why not? Although an organization’s work may be done anywhere at any time, organizing remains a vital managerial function because the work that must be accomplished still must be divided, grouped, and coordinated. 8. Researchers are now saying that efforts to simplify work tasks actually have negative results for both companies and their employees. Do you agree? Why or why not? Studies as far back as 1924 show that simplified jobs lead to boredom.In 1950 other researchers found that highly segmented and simplified jobs resulted in lower employee morale and output. Other consequences of low employee motivation include absenteeism and high employee turnover, both very costly for businesses. ETHICS DILEMMA Shortly after the BP oil spill, B P engaged in a campaign to improve their image including buying domain names that referred to terms like ‘oil spill’ and ‘oil spill claims. ’ A company spokeswoman said â€Å"the strategy is to assist those who are most impacted and help them find the right forms and the right people quickly and effectively. Is this an ethical issue? What ethical concerns do students see in BP doing this? What stakeholders might be affected by BP’s actions (buying the search terms)? In what ways might these stakeholders be affected? While some students may not see this as unethical, there is a question as to whether BP acquired the domain names to better inform the public or to control information access. By controlling information, BP could put their ‘spin’ on events or even keep the domain names idle so that they could not be used by others to distribute negative information about the company actions.Ultimately, with a disaster as large as this one, t here were many stakeholders affected – fisherman, rig workers, hotel owners, management, and employees. Without access to information, these stakeholders may be unaware of their rights to sue or file claims against BP. SKILLS EXERCISE: DEVELOPING YOUR EMPOWERING PEOPLE (DELEGATING) SKILLS A manager’s job is to do things through other people. This requires that a manager learn to trust and empower those they supervise. In this exercise, the author gives five behaviors for effective delegation.Students are to then to read through the scenario and write a paper describing how they would handle the situation described. In the scenario, Ann is already following several of guidelines given for recommendation, by clarifying the assignment and allowing Ricky to participate. In Ricky’s meeting with Bill, he will have to follow his Boss’s lead and follow the recommendations as well. He should first clarify the assignment and what Bill will be able to include (and n ot include) in the manual. It will also be a good idea if Ricky and Bill get other employees’ input on the policy manual – since it will be used by everyone in the organization.Finally, Ricky should establish a feedback channel so that Bill can ask questions and Ricky can keep tract of Bill’s progress. WORKING TOGETHER: TEAM EXERCISE Form groups of three to four students and have each group choose an organization with which students in the group are familiar (where students work, a student organization to which they belong, your college or university, etc. ). Have students draw an organization chart of this organization. Students should show departments (or groups) and especially be careful to get the chain of command correct.Students should be prepared to share their chart with the class. If this is done outside of class as an assignment, it may be a good idea to have students use Microsoft PowerPoint to prepare the chart. PowerPoint has an option to draw organ izational charts in the Smartart menu. Your Turn to be a Manager †¢ Find three different examples of organizational charts. In a report, describe each of them. Try to decipher the organization’s use of organizational design elements, especially departmentalization, chain of command, centralization–decentralization, and formalization. Survey at least 10 different managers about how many employees they supervise. Also ask them whether they feel they could supervise more employees or whether they feel the number they supervise is too many. Graph your survey results and write a report describing what you found. Draw some conclusions about span of control. †¢ Draw an organizational chart of an organization with which you’re familiar (where you work, a student organization to which you belong, your college or university, etc. ). Be very careful in showing the departments (or groups) and especially be careful to get the chain of command correct.Be prepared to share your chart with the class. †¢ Using the organizational chart you just created, redesign the organization’s structure. What structural changes might make this organization more efficient and effective? Write a report describing what you would do and why. Be sure to include an example of the original organizational chart as well as a chart of your proposed revision of the organizational structure. †¢ Steve’s and Mary’s suggested readings: Gary Hamel, The Future of Management (Harvard Business School Press, 2007); Thomas Friedman, The World Is Flat 3. (Picador, 2007); Harold J. Leavitt, Top Down: Why Hierarchies Are Here to Stay and How to Manage Them More Effectively (Harvard Business School Press, 2005); and Thomas W. Malone, The Future of Work (Harvard Business School Press, 2004). †¢ Choose one of the three topics discussed in the section on today’s organizational design challenges. Research this topic and write a paper about it. Fo cus on finding current information and current examples of companies dealing with these issues. †¢ In your own words, write down three things you learned in this chapter about being a good manager. Self-knowledge can be a powerful learning tool. Go to mymanagementlab and complete these self-assessment exercises: How Well Do I Handle Ambiguity? What Type of Organizational Structure Do I Prefer? How Good Am I at Playing Politics? How Willing Am I to Delegate? Using the results of your assessments, identify personal strengths and weaknesses. What will you do to reinforce your strengths and improve your weaknesses? Answers to Case Application Questions Ask Chuck 1. Describe and evaluate what Charles Schwab is doing. It is easy for a company to lose sight of their goals.While other lines of business may be potential money makers, going beyond a firm’s core competence can lead a firm into financial trouble. In this case, students should see how Charles Schwab has stayed true t o its primary business – making stock trades for investors who make their own financial decisions. Another goal of Schwab is customer service. In the example of Cheryl Pasquale, we can see how she uses the company’s information system to closely monitor her sales representatives to make sure they are meeting the needs of customers. 2.How might the company’s culture of not buying into hype and not taking excessive risks affect its organizational structural design? Schwab’s conservative culture would foster a simple structure characterized by low departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized authority, and little formalization. This structure fast, flexible, inexpensive to maintain and has clear lines of accountability. 3. What structural implications—good and bad—might Schwab’s intense focus on customer feedback have? Schwab’s focus on customer feedback would indicate a flexible structure that is able to adapt to meet customer demands.This structure would allow employees to spend more time and energy devoted to improving relationships with customers and possibly provide for exceptions to improve customer satisfaction. On the other hand, building strong customer relationships takes time and money. By paying so much attention to the customer there is the potential loss of efficiency that Schwab has to maintain to keep stock transactions low. 4. Do you think this arrangement would work for other types of organizations? Why or why not? This type of customer focus would not work well for firms that operate on a thin margin.For example, manufacturing firms that operate in the maturity phase of the industry life cycle focus on keeping production costs as low as possible. This arrangement may also not work well in situations where organizations are set up around processes. A New Kind of Structure 1. Describe and evaluate what Pfizer is doing. What Jordan Cohen has created at Pfizer is a network organizat ion. It’s a form of the boundaryless organization structure where company employees concentrate on the important aspects of the job, i. e. hose elements that are related to the company’s core competencies, and other tasks are outsourced to another organization. 2. What structural implications—good and bad—does this approach have? (Think in terms of the six organizational design elements. ) Have students break into groups and discuss how the advantages and disadvantages of using a network organizational structure from the perspective of: †¢ Work Specialization †¢ Departmentalization †¢ Chain Of Command †¢ Span Of Control †¢ Centralization And Decentralization †¢ Formalization Some groups may be assigned more than one design element.For more information on Pfizer’s new structure, go to the web 3. Do you think this arrangement would work for other types of organizations? Why or why not? The network organization design use d by Pfizer has helped to balance recent layoffs the company experienced after a nearly $4 billion yearly budget cut. According to managers in the Fast Company article, the OOF has cut some project costs by 100%. While this program has been a success for Pfizer, it may not be realistic for other companies that either (a) have not experienced such deep cuts in personnel, or (b) have such high personnel costs. . What role do you think organizational structure plays in an organization’s efficiency and effectiveness? Explain. Organizational structure plays a key role in enabling a company to function smoothly, to remain responsive to its internal and external stakeholders, and to adapt to changes in the marketplace. Innovation is facilitated by fewer layers of management, and students have already learned that the survival and success of a company is usually dependent upon its ability to function as a learning organization that promotes innovation.

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Essay

According to a study on the government of Canada’s website, in 2003, 1.7 million people were on government assistance and that number has continued to grow. The current unemployment rate in Canada is 7.2% and many of those families rely on the government to put food on the table, a roof over their heads and clothes on their bodies, meaning that money is absolutely necessary. However, working citizens are often resentful of the citizens taking the money that they earned and some are demanding that welfare recipients be drug tested in order to be eligible. Although nowhere in Canada requires drug testing to receive welfare, several states in the United States do. However, this idea fails to consider that drug testing recipients punishes children, ignores that drug addiction is a disease that needs treatment, and that it has proven to not save money. Therefore, drug testing in order to be eligible for welfare is callous and nothing but a symptom of discrimination and selfishness in society. Taking away money from a citizen that tested positive for drugs would unfairly punish their children, who are innocent and didn’t choose to have the parents they were born to. 81.5% of assistance recipients in Oklahoma are children (Richey), which means that many children could suffer immensely because of their parent’s actions. If a person on welfare were to test positive for drugs and their funds were to be taken away, their children would lose their entire source of income, which would mean they would suffer infinitely more than they already did. The kids born to drug addicts would have no lunch money or clothes for school while alcoholics’ children still received funds. This would be extremely hypocritical and it is cruel to disadvantage children that already have the odds stacked against them. Living in poverty could  cause them to do poorly in school and possibly turn to drugs themselves, completely obliterating any chance they had for a better future. It is possible to argue that if parents are using drugs, they are already wasting the money that could go towards their children. Although this argument is true, completely taking away all of the money is not going to solve the problem. More over, sending more children into the already crowded foster care system would also only cause more problems, a fact that American Public Health Association, the National Association of Social Workers, and the National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselor all agree with as they oppose all laws mandating drug testing in order to receive government funding (Richey). Finally, the money that families receive could help struggling parents get into rehab and back on their feet, allowing the children to overcome poverty and live a better life. The blatant disregard for how drug testing those on welfare would ruin children’s lives proves that the policy is callous and selfish. In society it is common for citizens to discriminate and stigmatize drug addicts. They are stereotyped as lazy but in reality, drug addiction is a disease that needs treatment. A person addicted to drugs cannot simply quit when they want to. Continued drug use changes the chemistry of the brain, alters its structure and its ability to function normally. Moreover, images taken of drug addicts’ brains show that the areas that are necessary for proper judgment, and behaviour control are greatly damaged. Once someone is addicted to drugs it is no longer a conscious choice to use, but something their body needs to function. It is wrong to discriminate against addicts because it is first and foremost, a disease, just like any other mental illness and there should not be any stigma attached to it. Therefore, entry into a medically supervised treatment centre is necessary so taking away that addict’s only source of income will not help them in any way and will only result in an increase in the homeless population. It is possible that some people on welfare may be waiting to get into a treatment program and need the money to support themselves while they do so. The blatant disregard that the policy of drug testing welfare recipients has for the physical and neurological effects that drug addiction has on a person clearly indicates the callousness and discrimination that the policy demonstrates. The final and most important argument is that drug testing does not save any money. In  fact it wastes it. The entire idea for drug testing is that drug user’s assistance could be terminated, and therefore save taxpayers from wasting their money however, this is not the case. The costs of producing and administering the tests have proven to cost more money than the governments saved from terminating those found to have been using drugs. Utah spent $30 000 drug testing people on welfare and only 12 people tested positive. Similarly, only 2% of people receiving government assistance in Florida failed the test, compared to national drug usage rate of 8% (Covert). This suggests that the majority of drug users are not those living in poverty, and hints at the unjust discrimination they face. Additionally, a recent New York Times article stated that testing in Florida cost the government an additional $45 780, which is grossly wasteful. Comparably, out of the 8 states that are enforcing legislation, none of them are saving money. In Arizona, only 1 person in 3 years tested positive (Kelly). Every single study done has shown that the state governments are losing money but more and more states are proposing it and citizens of Canada are pushing for it as well. As of 2013, 29 states have proposed the legislation, which is completely nonsensical. If no money is being saved, why are so many people behind the policy? The only possible reason has to be selfishness and the reluctance of citizens for their taxes to be going toward fellow citizens less fortunate than themselves. This exemplifies how drug testing the poor is simply a symptom of discrimination in society and not a means to save money. With all of the evidence considered, there is no rebutting the fact that drug testing in order to be eligible for welfare is callous and nothing but a symptom of discrimination and selfishness in society. The testing punishes children, which is unfair, ignores the fact that drug addiction is a disease and most significantly, doesn’t save any money. So many people are supporting this legislation but being poor should not result in someone being labeled as less than and a delinquent. It is unfair that the only standing reason for implementing or sustaining laws requiring drug testing is that people don’t want their money going to the less fortunate that ultimately, need it for survival. For any person that supports these legislations the main question that should be pondered is why? Why should the poor be drug tested when everyone receives government funds in one way or another? The fact is, they should not. Bibliography Covert, Bryce.†Utah Spent More Than $30,000 To Catch 12 Drug Users On Welfare.† ThinkProgress RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. Kelly, Brian P. â€Å"An Inane, Money-eating Sham: Drug Tests for Welfare a Huge Failure.† Saloncom RSS. N.p., 29 Aug. 2013. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. Richey, Kate. â€Å"Five Reasons Not to Drug-test.† Oklahoma Policy Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014

Economic system in Malaysia Essay

Identify and evaluate the nature of economic system in Malaysia. Discuss the rationale of Malaysia’s economic system in terms of utility maximization attainment and pricing mechanism for distribution of goods and services. Kenal pasti dan nilai bentuk sistem ekonomi di Malaysia. Bincangkan rasional-rasional sistem ekonomi Malaysia dari segi pencapaian pemaksimuman utiliti dan mekanisme penetapan harga untuk pengedaran barang-barang dan perkhidmatan. Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy which lies in Southeast Asia. It is composed of 13 states and 3 federal territories and separated by the South China Sea into 2 regions including Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. The country became independent on 31 August 1957. Since then, it has been able to be as one of countries which have the best economic records in Asia, and it has been progressing with an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. From 1971 to 1990, the government strived to eradicate poverty by New Economy Policy (NEP) and outline perspective plan 1(OPP1). The NEP policy was replaced with another program known as National Development Program (NDP) from 1991 to 2000 which the NDP` target was development of a united and just society. From 2001 to 2010, National Vision Policy (NVP) based on its target which was sustainable development performed. In order to achieve long-term plan`s targets should medium term plans (EPU) and short term plans (Annual planning) accurat ely plan and perfectly perform. According Malaysia Economic Monitor, December 2013 Edition High-Performing Education by The World Bank, The Malaysian economy recovered from a soft patch in early 2013 with growth accelerating between the second and third quarters of the year. On a sequential basis, GDP expanded at a quarter-on-quarter, annualized rate of 6.8 per cent over the previous quarter, up from 5.8 per cent in the second quarter and a contraction of 1.1 per cent in the first quarter. This left real GDP higher by 5.0 per cent in the third quarter of 2013 from the same period in 2012, with growth for the first nine months of the year at 4.5 per cent. Growth over the past two quarters came in lower than previous forecasts mainly due to a more negative  contribution from inventories and exports, while consumption performed better than expected and import growth lagged. As a result, GDP growth is now expected to moderate from 5.6 per cent in 2012 to 4.5 per cent in 2013. Growth was driven by robust expansion in private sector consumption and green shoots in external demand, reflected in large contributions from the services and manufacturing sectors. Sectors catering to domestic demand especially services, contributed 3.1 percentage points to total GDP growth. Within services, the largest contributions came from government services, retail trade and real estate and business services. Net exports contributed positively to growth for the first time in two years in the third quarter, supporting growth in the manufacturing sector, which contributed another 1.0 percentage point to GDP growth. Across East Asia, the performance of the Malaysian economy followed a pattern seen in most other regional economies where a weak first quarter was followed by sequential improvements. Notable exceptions were Indonesia and the Philippines, where growth decelerated throughout the year. Malaysia has achieved significant economic and social progress over the past several decades. However, the world economy is changing, and Malaysia needs a fundamentally new economic model in order to become a high-income nation. Our historical growth engines are slowing, we risk being caught in a middle-income trap, our fiscal position is arguably unsustainable while global competition for markets, capital and talent is increasingly intense. Thus the government commence the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) represents a marked change in approach that builds on the Tenth Malaysia Plan and input from the National Economic Advisory Council (NEAC). The ETP focuses on key growth engines or National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs). It relies heavily on private sector-led growth, describes very specific investments and policy actions and has a clear transparent implementation roadmap with strong performance management. This strong economic performance has helped improve the quality of life for Malaysians and supported advances in education, health, infrastructure, housing and public amenities. There are three factors to be considered for these strong economic performances which are high income economy, inclusiveness and sustainability. The Government defines high income as a per capita income USD15, 000 or RM48, 000 in 2020, based on the World Bank’s current definition of high income. Malaysia’s per capita gross national income (GNI) is currently about RM23, 700 or USD6, 700. Therefore, achieving high-income status by 2020 will require GNI to grow at an annual real growth rate of 6 percent between 2011 and 2020.The Government’s high-income objective is not just a quantitative target. It is also about Malaysia becoming an advanced, developed nation with an economy possessing the characteristics that are common to developed nations. Specifically, Malaysia will focus on developing large and thriving services sector to supplement the nation’s historical strengths in oil and gas, agriculture and manufacturing. Developing balanced economy with significant contributions from private consumption and investment as well as from government spending and exports. In developed countries domestic demand typically accounts for 50 to 70 percent of GDP. In Malaysia it is currently 53 percent and productivity levels similar to those of other leading Asian economies. Achieving this will require developing an economy that is more heavily driven by skills, innovation and knowledge. These three structural shifts in the economy will support Malaysia’s on-going growth and will enable Malaysia to compete more effectively with other developed nations in the region and beyond. The way in which Malaysia grows to achieve this high-income target will be inclusive in nature, enabling all Malaysians to share in the benefits. The Government will encourage employment-rich growth that creates new higher-wage jobs. We will also invest in education and training to ensure that more Malaysians are able to participate in these new opportunities. A key focus will be on ensuring that substantial improvements are made for people with the lowest household incomes. Specific attention will be paid to lifting the incomes of the bottom 40 percent of households, with a target of increasing the mean monthly income of this group from RM1, 440 in 2009 to RM2, 300 in 2015, as stated in the Tenth Malaysia Plan. The measures we take to achieve high-income status must be sustainable in both economic and environmental terms, meeting present needs without  compromising those of future generations. In economic terms, growth will have to be achieved without running down Malaysia’s natural resources. Malaysia will not achieve high-income status simply through the income derived from extracting Malaysia’s natural resources. In addition, Malaysia’s fiscal policy will be made sustainable. There will be a much stronger focus on investment led by private sector that will avoid reliance on government funding. As stated in the Tenth Malaysia Plan, the Government is committed to reduce its fiscal deficit from 7 percent in 2009 to 3 percent in 2015. In environmental terms, the Government is committed to the stewardship and preservation of our natural environment and non-renewable resources. The Government will ensure that environmental resources are properly priced and that the full costs of development are understood before investment decisions are made. In Malaysia, government had been set up few policies and agencies to promote the industrial sector to the foreign investors and encourage domestic and foreign investment grow up. With promoting industrialization and capital inflow from foreign investment, it will boost up the economic growth and with the policies should ensure that Malaysia’s rapid development towards achieving National Economic Policy and Vision 2020. Malaysia has reached a defining moment in its development path. Vision 2020 is not possible without economic, social and government transformation. To move the country forward, the government has crafted a framework comprising pillars to drive change. Government has few supportive polices that maintain a business environment with opportunities for growth and profits have made Malaysia an attractive manufacturing and export base in the region. The private sector in Malaysia has become partners with the public sector in achieving the nation’s development objectives. There are three main supportive government policies such as liberal equity policy, employment of expatriates, and attractive tax incentives (Siew Ee et al., 1987). Liberal equity policy is the policy to allow foreign investors in Malaysia’s manufacturing sector can hold 100% equity for all investment in new projects, as well as investment in expansion or diversification projects by existing companies irrespective of their level of exports. Employment of expatriates is one of the supportive government policies for foreign companies in the manufacturing sector are allowed to employ expatriates where certain skill not available in Malaysia. With a foreign company paid-up capital above USD 2 million will be allowed up to 10 expatriate posts including five key posts that are permanently filled by foreigners. Malaysia’s government offer a low company tax rate is attractive at 27% and is applicable to both resident and non-resident companies. Malaysia also offers a wide range of tax incentives for manufacturing projects under the Promotion of Investment Act 1986 and the Income Tax Act 1967. The main incentives are the Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance, Reinvestment Allowance; Incentives for the Setting-up of International/ Regional Service- based Operations. An economic system is the combination of the various agencies, and entities that provide the economic structure that defines the social community. Malaysia has adopting mixed economic systems. Mixed economic system is an economy where there is more government intervention than in a free market economy. Many of the activities of production, distribution, and exchange are undertaken by central government, but where there is more economic freedom for the individual than in a command economy. Mixed economy is also an economic system in which both the state and private sector direct the economy, thus reflecting characteristics of both market economies and planned economies. Most mixed economies can be described as market economies with strong regulatory oversight, in addition to having a variety of government-sponsored aspects. The Elements of a mixed economy is basically to include a variety of freedoms such as to possess means of production like farms, factories, stores, to participate in managerial decisions in cooperative and participatory economics, to travel (needed to transport all the items in commerce, to make deals in person, for workers and owners to go to where needed), to buy the items for personal use, for resale; buy whole enterprises to make the organization that creates wealth a form of wealth itself), to sell (same as buy), to hire (to create organizations that create wealth), to fire (to maintain organizations that create wealth), to organize (private enterprise for profit, labor unions, workers’ and professional  associations, non-profit groups, religions, etc.), to communicate (free speech, newspapers, books, advertisements, make deals, create business partners, create markets).

Organization EssaySupply.com

The Targeted Resume - 5 Resume Templates Based Upon Position/Organization The Targeted Resume - 5 Resume Templates Based Upon Position/Organization One size does not fit all. That is the â€Å"rule† you must remember as you craft your resume for any job search – whether you are coming up upon graduation and looking for your first career position or looking for a job change. What you need to understand is this: each resume you send out will have to be somewhat unique and designed specifically for the organization to which it is going. Content Will Vary The first thing you will need to do is to carefully read the job description of any position that has been posted. Look specifically for keywords in that description – skills, background experience, etc. Because many resumes today are initially screened by an automated system, you need to make sure that those keywords are in the content of your resume – maybe more than once. You will also want to give more â€Å"weight† in your resume to the coursework or experience that relates specifically to the position description and to the organization that is receiving it. No Prose Please Given that you only have 6 seconds to impress, you have to use bold, headings, sub-headings, and bullet points – a reader has to be able to scan your resume and know pretty quickly if s/he wants to read it in more depth. Get those keywords in your heading and sub-headings. Action Verbs Please State your achievements using action verbs only. They are stronger and much more forceful. And as you list those achievements, try to give actual numbers. For example, â€Å"Brought 9 new clients into the firm in a 6-monthperiod.† Templates Here are 5 templates based upon the organization to which you may be applying: Traditional – For Conservative Organizations Notice that the resume is blocked out in sections with no â€Å"extras† – no color, nor border or shading – just black on white print. But the section heading are in bold which allow a hiring manager to easily scan. This resume would be appropriate for banks, financial institutions, investment firms and other conservative companies and businesses. Modified Traditional – Conservative but Less so than Banks If you have researched the company and see that they are a bit more progressive than banks, you can add some color. Notice that the sections are still the same giving a conservative feel, but the color adds just a bit more pizazz. Mildly Progressive If the job description uses some more contemporary vocabulary and the website does as well, you can get a bit more progressive with your resume, perhaps adding a graphic and/or several different fonts, as the one shown below: Progressive If you company is definitely newer, younger, and the job posting is casual in language and the website looks like a â€Å"jeans environment,† you can definitely go the route of creativity with more infographics. Really Progressive Usually, resumes that are designed for positions in the creative arts, including web design, music, art, and performing arts can be really â€Å"way out there.† Here is an example of such a resume that is bound to get attention. As you can see, you can take your information and package it in so many different ways. Research the organization, decide which type of template is best for that organization, and craft the perfect resume.